{"id":6179,"date":"2024-06-25T21:28:18","date_gmt":"2024-06-26T00:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/?page_id=6179"},"modified":"2024-07-07T13:59:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T16:59:37","slug":"vol-3-no-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/vol-3-no-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 3 No. 2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/h3>
Publicado:\u00a0<\/span>2023-07-12<\/span><\/div>

O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a sexta edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre \u201cPol\u00edtica Regional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados e Intelig\u00eancia Artificial\u201d, organizado por Naiara Posenato da Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, (It\u00e1lia). A sexta edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de novembro de 2023.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Edi\u00e7\u00e3o completa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Editorial<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Resumo<\/h4><\/section>

O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a sexta edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre \u201cPol\u00edtica Regional de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados e Intelig\u00eancia Artificial\u201d, organizado por Naiara Posenato da Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, (It\u00e1lia). A sexta edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de novembro de 2023.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aline Beltrame de Moura , Naiara Posenato<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dossier<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:<\/h4><\/section>

Biometric Data; Artificial Intelligence; Habeas Data.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The advent of artificial intelligence and of the Big Data has affected the use of biometric data in the digital and algorithmic era, posing some critical challenges, especially in relation to the risk of surveillance, data scraping and profiling. In this context, the emergence of a novel \u201cinformationally projected corporality\u201d requires law to rethink its approach to data protection and to define an\u00a0Habeas Data<\/em>\u00a0for this transformation, and, in this sense, the European Union (EU) has been demonstrating to be a global leader. Under this premise, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relevant primary and secondary EU law sources, in order to provide a critical assessment of their role with respect to the challenges related to the protection of biometric data in the digital and algorithmic era. In light of this reflection, the paper develops some final considerations. In particular, it takes the view that the EU, so far, has defined a significant framework for the protection of the regional\u00a0Habeas Data<\/em>\u00a0with respect to biometric data. However, the most pioneering change is still to come. In this respect, the paper suggest that the AI Act Proposal has the potential for bridging the current legal landscape and the future horizons of EU law and its biometric\u00a0Habeas Data<\/em>. Some reference is made to justiciability and to the role that the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) may play, also by promoting judicial dialogue with the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). From the methodological viewpoint, an in-depth analysis of the relevant EU law sources and of the relevant case law of the ECJ was carried out, and some critical comparison with the jurisprudence of the ECtHR was made. Moreover, scholarship in English, Spanish and Italian was widely explored.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Simona Fanni<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Regional policy; Artificial intelligence; Data protection; European Union; Southern Common Market.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

This paper, which does not intend to be exhaustive, will analyze the different regulations on artificial intelligence and data protection, both in the European Union system and in the Southern Common Market system. In the latter case, the individual experience of its Member States (Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela), their strategies, directives and policies aimed at the development of technology and data protection will be examined. Then, a comparison will be made to reach the conclusion as to which the most developed system in this area is and which its relationship with the predominantly adopted structure is (supranational or intergovernmental). For such purpose, the following questions will serve as a compass: What is the regional policy on artificial intelligence and data protection in each case? Is data (un)protected? Are there differences or similarities between these systems? Why? To answer these questions, I invite you to read this article and draw your own conclusions\u00a0about\u00a0it.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sol Ayl\u00e9n Borrelli Oz\u00f3n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

MERCOSUR, Data protection, Draft Decision, Artificial Intelligence, Automated Decisions.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The purpose of this paper is to present the “state of the art” of data protection in MERCOSUR and indicate the possibilities for a future draft Decision that harmonizes the region protection level. To achieve this objective, we will proceed to: (i) Indicate the relevance of the subject related to data protection, (ii) Mention the main characteristics of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (since it is the most advanced in the matter and because UE is, like MERCOSUR, an integration process, although in a more advanced level), (iii) Analyze the initiatives that were created from MERCOSUR to create a decision that regulates data protection in the block. To this end, the minutes of Sub-Working Group No. 13 will be analyzed, (iv) Carry out a brief comparative analysis of the various levels of protection existing among the 4 MERCOSUR States parties (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay), (vi) Indicate the importance of regulation at the regional level (equal degree of protection for the member States of MERCOSUR). Based on these points, it is concluded that, given the importance of the topic related to data protection, a new MERCOSUR regulations draft is necessary and, in this sense, the present paper gives some proposals that could be incorporated into this eventual project. The methodology used in this work is essentially exploratory and qualitative. However, it also uses aspects of the descriptive methodology, for which an analysis of previous works that addressed the issue is made, as well as an analysis of regulations related to the subject.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Brenda Luciana Maffei , Nadia Guillermina Jimenez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Direito; Intelig\u00eancia Artificial; Mandamus.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O artigo tem como objetivo indicar e examinar elementos do desenvolvimento e da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial (IA) no contexto do Poder Judici\u00e1rio brasileiro (PJ). O foco principal recai sobre o chamado projeto Mandamus, fruto da colabora\u00e7\u00e3o entre a Universidade de Bras\u00edlia e o Tribunal de Justi\u00e7a de Roraima (TJRR), que visa a gera\u00e7\u00e3o e expedi\u00e7\u00e3o de certos tipos de mandados judiciais para cumprimento de determina\u00e7\u00f5es de magistrados do TJRR. O projeto Mandamus foi concebido ap\u00f3s estudos sobre log\u00edstica jurisdicional conduzidos pelo grupo de pesquisa DR.IA da Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, em resposta a um dos gargalos identificados no processo judicial: a gera\u00e7\u00e3o, expedi\u00e7\u00e3o e cumprimento de mandados judiciais. O artigo apresentar\u00e1 contexto e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de IA no sistema de justi\u00e7a brasileiro, detalha parte do desenvolvimento do Mandamus, que consiste em dois rob\u00f4s de IA que leem documentos judiciais e geram mandados, integrando-se \u00e0 central de mandados para sua execu\u00e7\u00e3o. A metodologia explorat\u00f3ria do estudo se baseou em fontes prim\u00e1rias geradas durante o desenvolvimento da ferramenta, complementadas por fontes secund\u00e1rias para fundamentar as decis\u00f5es da equipe de desenvolvimento. Demonstrou-se a relev\u00e2ncia da participa\u00e7\u00e3o de juristas em todas as etapas de desenvolvimento de uma IA, bem como a relev\u00e2ncia para ser mecanismo de melhoramentos na rotina forense.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cristina Mendes Bertoncini Corr\u00eaa , Debora Bonat , Fabiano Hartmann Peixoto<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o e Tomada de Decis\u00e3o Algor\u00edtmica; Monitoramento Biom\u00e9trico; Uni\u00e3o Europeia; Proposta de Regulamento da Intelig\u00eancia Artificial<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O conceito de intelig\u00eancia artificial vem se desenvolvendo desde o in\u00edcio da computa\u00e7\u00e3o na d\u00e9cada de 50 e, desde os anos 2010, tem avan\u00e7ado mais rapidamente e contribu\u00eddo com diversas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. As aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de intelig\u00eancia artificial apresentam benef\u00edcios e utilidades em diversos setores e atividades da sociedade, tais como otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o e efici\u00eancia de ind\u00fastrias e empresas, diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento de doen\u00e7as e defici\u00eancias, automa\u00e7\u00e3o de atividades, operacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de redes sociais e plataformas de com\u00e9rcio eletr\u00f4nico, viabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de carros aut\u00f4nomos, opera\u00e7\u00f5es banc\u00e1rias, farmac\u00eauticas, b\u00e9licas, educacionais, dentre tantos outros. Contudo, al\u00e9m dos benef\u00edcios, a intelig\u00eancia artificial tamb\u00e9m tem gerado riscos para a sociedade e, consequentemente, lit\u00edgios. Esses contenciosos est\u00e3o sendo submetidos a tribunais em diferentes pa\u00edses, gerando discuss\u00f5es acerca de regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo visa analisar casos envolvendo a intelig\u00eancia artificial no uso de dados, no monitoramento biom\u00e9trico, na recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o e na tomada de decis\u00e3o algor\u00edtmica discutidos em processos judiciais e administrativos europeus, bem como analisar os tr\u00eas principais regulamentos da Uni\u00e3o Europeia que tocam na tem\u00e1tica: Regulamento Geral de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados, Regulamentos dos Servi\u00e7os Digitais e Proposta de Regulamento da Intelig\u00eancia Artificial.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Parente Patroc\u00ednio , D\u00e9bora Barreto Santana de Andrade<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPROTE\u00c7\u00c3O DE DADOS NEURAIS NA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA: impactos das (neuro)tecnologias emergentes para a (neuro) privacidade do titular<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Dados Neurais; Intelig\u00eancia Artificial; Neurodireitos.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologias que fazem interface com o c\u00e9rebro humano tem chamado a aten\u00e7\u00e3o da comunidade internacional, na medida em que permitem a coleta de dados oriundos de dimens\u00f5es que, at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o, eram tidas como inobserv\u00e1veis pelo p\u00fablico geral: os dados da atividade cerebral, comumente denominados \u201cdados neurais\u201d. A inser\u00e7\u00e3o de tais dispositivos no mercado de consumo \u00e9 especialmente relevante no contexto tecnol\u00f3gico atual, em que sistemas de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial (IA) permitem o processamento de dados neurais brutos (inputs) e a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados neurais decodificados (outputs) sobre o estado cognitivo, afetivo e\/ou conativo dos sujeitos a que se referem. Essa nova realidade f\u00e1tica apresenta desafios jur\u00eddicos no tocante \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o de dados neurais na Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE), levantando questionamentos quanto \u00e0 qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o do dado neural como dado pessoal, para efeitos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) \u2013 e, consequentemente, quanto \u00e0 natureza de informa\u00e7\u00f5es relativas \u00e0s emo\u00e7\u00f5es, mem\u00f3rias, pensamentos e inten\u00e7\u00f5es. Centrado em tais problem\u00e1ticas, este trabalho objetiva investigar o grau de prote\u00e7\u00e3o que o GDPR atribui aos dados neurais na UE atualmente. Para tanto, emprega-se o m\u00e9todo hipot\u00e9tico-dedutivo, partindo da hip\u00f3tese de que os dados neurais n\u00e3o est\u00e3o formalmente contemplados no modelo tradicional do GDPR de \u201cdados pessoais\u201d e \u201cdados pessoais sens\u00edveis\u201d. Para atingir o objetivo geral, o trabalho \u00e9 dividido em duas partes principais: (1) a primeira investiga conceitos-chave envolvendo a tem\u00e1tica, para explorar a hip\u00f3tese de pesquisa levantada; enquanto (2) a segunda dedica-se aos impactos que o tratamento apresenta para o titular. Como resultados, depreende-se que h\u00e1 uma lacuna jur\u00eddica a respeito de dados neurais, por se tratar de uma esp\u00e9cie sui generis de dados pessoais, que merecem estudo multidisciplinar e especializado no contexto das (neuro)tecnologias emergentes, visando \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o da (neuro)privacidade do titular.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sofia Frischenbruder Sulzbach<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tELIS REGINA, NECROMANCIA DIGITAL E PRESSUPOSI\u00c7\u00c3O DE NEGATIVA: um estudo do projeto de lei n\u00b0 3592\/23 em di\u00e1logo com a Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Intelig\u00eancia Artificial; Heran\u00e7a Digital; Direitos Autorais.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O objetivo deste artigo \u00e9 analisar o Projeto de Lei brasileiro n\u00b0 3592\/23, em especial o contexto que o motivou, qual seja, a recria\u00e7\u00e3o da imagem da cantora Elis Regina via Intelig\u00eancia Artificial para uso em um comercial de carros, e suas poss\u00edveis consequ\u00eancias legais, caso aprovado. Al\u00e9m disso, tamb\u00e9m se prop\u00f5e analisar juridicamente o instrumento legal constru\u00eddo por esse projeto e pelas discuss\u00f5es que o circulam, que pode ser chamado de \u201cpressuposi\u00e7\u00e3o de negativa para o uso da imagem ap\u00f3s a morte\u201d, em fun\u00e7\u00e3o das atuais regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es sobre heran\u00e7a digital e uso de tecnologias de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial. Por fim, prop\u00f5e-se um di\u00e1logo entre essa movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica brasileira e o atual cen\u00e1rio de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o do tema na Uni\u00e3o Europeia, focando nas regras de uso de Intelig\u00eancia Artificial, Direitos Autorais e de Imagem. Para essa pesquisa, foi feito um estudo de caso a partir das respostas institucionais ao comercial que utilizou a imagem de Elis Regina, com apoio nos m\u00e9todos anal\u00edticos hipot\u00e9tico-dedutivos. Depois, realizou-se uma abordagem comparada, com revis\u00e3o bibliogr\u00e1fica e estudo te\u00f3rico. O artigo se divide em tr\u00eas partes: primeiro, analisando o fen\u00f4meno de \u201cnecromancia digital\u201d; seguindo com uma an\u00e1lise do caso modelo; e por \u00faltimo realizando um estudo te\u00f3rico comparativo, para concluir que esse caso brasileiro oferece uma importante oportunidade de di\u00e1logo entre Brasil e Uni\u00e3o Europeia, poss\u00edvel em fun\u00e7\u00e3o de bases regulat\u00f3rias comuns no tema, e \u00fatil ao propor um novo modelo para se pensar juridicamente o dilema do uso da imagem ap\u00f3s a morte dos sujeitos.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pedro Odebrecht Khauaja<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJUSTI\u00c7A E REDES SOCIAIS: modelos comparados de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o da liberdade de express\u00e3o dos Magistrados entre tutela dos direitos fundamentais e estado de direito<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Resumo<\/h4><\/section>

A comunica\u00e7\u00e3o digital transformou as formas tradicionais de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e difus\u00e3o da informa\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo o processo judicial e as a\u00e7\u00f5es dos seus protagonistas, como o juiz. Partindo de uma breve considera\u00e7\u00e3o dos efeitos positivos das novas modalidades comunicativas, em termos de transpar\u00eancia do Judici\u00e1rio e de acesso \u00e0s informa\u00e7\u00f5es jur\u00eddicas, e em termos negativos, tomando em considera\u00e7\u00e3o o lament\u00e1vel fen\u00f4meno do \u201cProcesso ou Tribunal Medi\u00e1tico\u201d, o presente estudo procura comparar algumas regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es recentes e inovadoras relativas \u00e0 utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o das redes sociais pelos ju\u00edzes, adotadas a n\u00edvel regional e nacional. Em particular, o objetivo \u00e9 destacar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o e o balanceamento necess\u00e1rio entre a limita\u00e7\u00e3o da liberdade de express\u00e3o do magistrado e a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o de alguns princ\u00edpios fundamentais do Estado de direito, como a independ\u00eancia e a imparcialidade do poder judicial.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Naiara Posenato<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Artigos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Fluxos migrat\u00f3rios; Solidariedade; Direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A gest\u00e3o dos fluxos migrat\u00f3rios na Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) enfrenta grandes desafios devido ao aumento significativo do fluxo de pessoas migrantes e refugiadas. A falta de coes\u00e3o e moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o da pol\u00edtica migrat\u00f3ria comunit\u00e1ria enfraquece a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos dessas pessoas. Nesse contexto, a solidariedade \u00e9 essencial para resolver as demandas jur\u00eddicas, principalmente no \u00e2mbito do Direito da UE, no qual \u00e9 um fundamento estabelecido. O objetivo deste estudo \u00e9 analisar o conte\u00fado jur\u00eddico da solidariedade no Direito da UE, focando na prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos das pessoas migrantes. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem te\u00f3rica, com an\u00e1lise documental e bibliogr\u00e1fica. O trabalho se divide em duas partes. Na primeira, analisa-se a solidariedade no contexto do Direito da UE, considerando seus desafios e sua import\u00e2ncia nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os Estados-membros do bloco. Na segunda parte, examina-se a solidariedade como um princ\u00edpio fundamental para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos das pessoas migrantes, investigando seu papel e operacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o no regime jur\u00eddico em vig\u00eancia na UE. Os resultados revelam que as quest\u00f5es sociais, pol\u00edticas e econ\u00f4micas espec\u00edficas de cada Estado ou grupo de Estados representam obst\u00e1culos significativos para a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva da solidariedade e das normas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos humanos das pessoas migrantes. O futuro das pol\u00edticas migrat\u00f3rias comuns na UE permanece incerto. \u00c9 crucial buscar a harmoniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos instrumentos normativos, melhorar a gest\u00e3o migrat\u00f3ria e enfrentar os desafios sociais, pol\u00edticos e econ\u00f4micos para garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o adequada dos direitos das pessoas migrantes. Este estudo destaca a necessidade de uma abordagem mais coesa e abrangente para lidar com os fluxos migrat\u00f3rios na UE, a fim de garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos fundamentais das pessoas migrantes e refugiadas. \u00c9 fundamental superar os obst\u00e1culos existentes e promover uma implementa\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva da solidariedade, buscando aprimorar as pol\u00edticas migrat\u00f3rias e fortalecer os mecanismos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos humanos.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gabriel Braga Guimar\u00e3es<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEU GREEN DEAL: entre a transi\u00e7\u00e3o ecol\u00f3gica e a luta pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de poder<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas; Justi\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica; Limites Planet\u00e1rios; Economia Ecol\u00f3gica.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

As crises ambientais, sociais, humanit\u00e1rias e econ\u00f4micas fazem parte do mundo contempor\u00e2neo. A extrapola\u00e7\u00e3o dos limites da Terra se materializa de diversas formas, entre elas as mudan\u00e7as no clima, cujos efeitos j\u00e1 causam impactos em diversas regi\u00f5es do planeta. Embora o tema seja discutido h\u00e1 d\u00e9cadas, sendo objeto de extensa regula\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica internacional, h\u00e1 \u00e1reas com grande potencial para a\u00e7\u00f5es de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas ainda pouco exploradas. Embora o ordenamento do com\u00e9rcio internacional tradicional seja insuficiente para promover o bem-estar e a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da vida na terra, h\u00e1 campo f\u00e9rtil para a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o entre os regimes do com\u00e9rcio internacional e de combate \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas. O Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu, lan\u00e7ado como projeto pol\u00edtico de transi\u00e7\u00e3o ecol\u00f3gica, tem objetivos e repercuss\u00f5es econ\u00f4micas e comerciais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa \u00e9 evidenciar as desconformidades do Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos par\u00e2metros do direito ecol\u00f3gico, considerando suas repercuss\u00f5es no com\u00e9rcio mundial. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliogr\u00e1fica, com finalidade descritiva, m\u00e9todo de abordagem dedutivo e interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o axiol\u00f3gica. Da an\u00e1lise do Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu partindo par\u00e2metros selecionados do direito ecol\u00f3gico, constatou-se que, embora reflita avan\u00e7os na instrumentaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito ecol\u00f3gico, o projeto pol\u00edtico se constitui como mecanismo para a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de poder, reproduzindo a l\u00f3gica capitalista dominante, o que reduz seu potencial transformador no processo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o ao paradigma ecol\u00f3gico.<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gaia Hasse<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSOBRE A INEXIST\u00caNCIA DE EFEITO DIRETO HORIZONTAL DE DIRETIVAS NO DIREITO DA UNI\u00c3O EUROPEIA<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4><\/section>

Direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia; Regulamento; Diretiva; aplicabilidade direta; efeito direto vertical; efeito direto horizontal.<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O presente artigo pretende trazer luz sobre a distin\u00e7\u00e3o entre Regulamentos e as Diretivas enquanto atos normativos do Direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia (derivado). Partindo destes conceitos, clarifica-se o princ\u00edpio do efeito direto do Direito da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e a no\u00e7\u00e3o de aplicabilidade direta, que n\u00e3o tem a mesma dimens\u00e3o em todos os atos da Uni\u00e3o Europeia. A jurisprud\u00eancia do TJUE reconhece a aplicabilidade direta dos Regulamentos (isto \u00e9, um efeito direto vertical e horizontal). No caso das Diretivas, aquela jurisprud\u00eancia sustenta apenas a possibilidade de efeito direto vertical nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre particulares e o Estado ou autoridades p\u00fablicas de harmonia com o qual os particulares podem invocar normas de uma diretiva que sejam suficientemente claras, precisas e incondicionais no \u00e2mbito de rela\u00e7\u00f5es jur\u00eddico-p\u00fablicas. O TJUE n\u00e3o reconhece a possibilidade de haver efeito direto horizontal de Diretivas, que se exerceria nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre particulares (rela\u00e7\u00f5es jur\u00eddico-privadas).<\/p><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nuno Cunha Rodrigues<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Latin American Journal of European Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Latin American Journal of European Studies PUBLISHED:\u00a02023-07-12 The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, created from the BRIDGE Project of Jean Monnet Network with funding from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":607,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6179","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/607"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6179"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6295,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6179\/revisions\/6295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}