{"id":3156,"date":"2024-02-23T11:55:49","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T14:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/?page_id=3156"},"modified":"2024-06-12T17:56:21","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T20:56:21","slug":"vol-1-no-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/vol-1-no-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 1 No. 2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/h3>\n
Publicado: <\/span>2021-08-04<\/span><\/div>\n
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O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre Migra\u00e7\u00e3o e Cidadania na Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Am\u00e9rica Latina, organizado por Aline Beltrame de Moura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil) e Sandra Negro da Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). A segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de Novembro de 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Edi\u00e7\u00e3o completa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Editorial<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Resumo<\/h4>

O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre Migra\u00e7\u00e3o e Cidadania na Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Am\u00e9rica Latina, organizado por Aline Beltrame de Moura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil) e Sandra Negro da Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). A segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de Novembro de 2021.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aline Beltrame de Moura, <\/span>Naiara Posenato, <\/span>Sandra Negro<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dossier<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Directive 2004\/38\/EC, Concept of \u201cdirect descendant\u201d, Child under permanent legal guardianship under the kafala regime<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The mobility of persons within the European Union is inherent to the status of citizenship. The essential content of this status requires adequate protection of their right to family life. The objectives of this paper are: firstly, to analyse to what extent the best interests of the child and the right to family life oblige the competent authorities of the Member States of the European Union to facilitate the entry and residence of a child over whom European citizens have constituted a kafala. Secondly, to analyse, in the event that such an obligation exists, the influence it has on the aliens law of the Member States and, in particular, on Spanish law. And, thirdly, to determine whether or not consideration as a member of the family for the purposes of entering a certain EU Member State should be conditional on the prior recognition of the judicial decision of the State where the kafala has been constituted. The methodology employed in this work is that of legal research: a selection of normative materials, case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and doctrine that has been considered sufficiently relevant is analysed. The results achieved are: 1) To demonstrate that the competent authorities of the Member States have the obligation to facilitate the entry and residence of a minor who has formed a kafala, provided that there is a reasonable expectation of family life and that it does not derive from a manifestly fraudulent situation. 2) Analyse the consequences that this obligation generates in Spanish immigration law. 3) To show how the model based on mutual recognition is imposed in this area, where the only thing to be done is to check the regularity of the document.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nuria Marchal Escalona<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Migra\u00e7\u00e3o, Cidadania global, Multiculturalismo<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A migra\u00e7\u00e3o deixou de ser um problema dos Estados e passou a ser um tema de interesse da comunidade internacional e, por isso, sua perspectiva global, que decorre da sociedade de risco e da globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, deve ser estudada \u00e0 luz dos standards dos direitos humanos, no\ncontexto do cosmopolitismo. A cidadania global do imigrante deve ser consolidada atrav\u00e9s da perspectiva multicultural e com a preval\u00eancia do direito \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a. A intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos fluxos migrat\u00f3rios, decorrentes das viola\u00e7\u00f5es dos direitos humanos, consigna a relev\u00e2ncia do tema, que\nse justifica pela necessidade de se refutar a pol\u00edtica de securitiza\u00e7\u00e3o das fronteiras pelos Estados, o que acarreta a desumaniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos imigrantes, tratados como grupos minorit\u00e1rios, estranhos e perigosos. Conv\u00e9m ressaltar, ainda, que o objetivo geral do trabalho \u00e9 analisar a interseccionalidade entre migra\u00e7\u00e3o, cidadania e multiculturalismo e, por sua vez,\no objetivo espec\u00edfico \u00e9 analisar o instituto jur\u00eddico da cidadania global como meio de conferir a capacidade de agir aos imigrantes no contexto supranacional. Optou-se pelo m\u00e9todo dedutivo, com a t\u00e9cnica de documenta\u00e7\u00e3o\nindireta e procedimento de an\u00e1lise doutrin\u00e1ria e legislativa e, com isso, espera-se alcan\u00e7ar, como resultado, a constata\u00e7\u00e3o da ideia de\nque a cidadania global suplanta a cidadania nacional e \u00e9 exercida dentro de espa\u00e7os de participa\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica e democr\u00e1tica que levam em considera\u00e7\u00e3o os direitos da personalidade do imigrante, enquanto sujeito de direito internacional. O artigo ser\u00e1 composto por tr\u00eas itens, divididos da seguinte forma: inicialmente, o trabalho analisar\u00e1 a migra\u00e7\u00e3o em perspectiva global para, depois, adentrar ao estudo da perspectiva multicultural da migra\u00e7\u00e3o e, por fim, abordar\u00e1 o instituto da cidadania global dos imigrantes em perspectiva multicultural. A finalidade do trabalho \u00e9 responder ao seguinte problema: o multiculturalismo \u00e9 capaz de garantir os meios de a\u00e7\u00e3o ao imigrante para que ele seja efetivamente considerado um cidad\u00e3o global?<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nancy Eunice Alas Moreno<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Migration, Global citizenship, Multiculturalism<\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Migration has ceased to be a problem of the states and has become an issue of interest of the international community, and therefore its global perspective, which stems from the risk society and globalization, must be studied, institutionalized and analyzed in the light of human rights standards in the context of cosmopolitanism. Moreover, the global citizenship of the immigrant should be consolidated through the multicultural perspective and with the prevalence of the right to difference.
The intensification of migratory flows, resulting from human rights violations, consigns the relevance of the theme, which is justified by the need to refute the policy of securitization of borders by States, which leads to the dehumanization of immigrants, treated as minority groups, strangers and dangerous. Based on the above assertions, it is worth noting that the general objective of this paper is to analyze the intersectionality between migration, citizenship and multiculturalism and, in turn, the specific
objective is to analyze the legal institute of global citizenship as a means of conferring the ability to act to immigrants in the supranational context. The deductive method was chosen, with the technique of indirect documentation and the procedure of doctrinal and legislative analysis. As a result, it is expected to reach, as a result, the verification of the idea that global citizenship supplants national citizenship and is exercised within spaces of political and democratic participation that take into consideration the personality rights of the immigrant, as a subject of international law. The article will be composed of three chapters, divided as follows: initially, the paper will analyze migration from a global perspective, then, it will go into the study of the multicultural perspective of migration and, finally, it will address the institute of global citizenship of immigrants from a multicultural perspective. With these objectives, with the methodology adopted and due to the relevance of the topic, the purpose of the work is to answer the following problem: is multiculturalism able to guarantee the means of action to the immigrant so that he is effectively considered a global citizen?<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Claudia Regina de Oliveira Magalh\u00e3es da Silva Loureiro<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Migration, Citizenship, Development<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The purpose of this written work is analyze the impact of migrants in the development of Latin America and Europe. The inter-american Judicial System is at de forefront regarding the equalization of rights for migrants and nationals. adapting human rights for migrants. Latin America had a large flow of immigration since the XIX century, and therefore has a vast experience in restriction and openings that different governments had ruled about the rights of migrants. Civil society is a very important actor for the social inclusion and development of migrants. The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration says that if migrants are integrated thy can better contribute for the development of states. There are pending challenges for the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and The Strategic Plan of Social Action of Mercosur, in the community law. Development of states is closely related with de social cohesion of migrants. The States must deny individual and
bilateral positions that undermine integration.\u00a0<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Silvia Fernanda Men\u00e9ndez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Cidadania, Am\u00e9rica Latina, Europa<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The aim of this work is to lay the foundations for an appropriate Community policy on immigration that facilitates the integration of foreigners, by means of a legal model common to the 27 Member States
of the European Union, based on the following pillars: a) on the idea of immigration as an exchange, a driving force for progress and peace; b) on the recognition of the rights and freedoms of foreigners and their non-criminalisation; c) on the attack on illegal immigration at its source, acting on the causes that generate and sustain it; and, d) on the strengthening of control mechanisms for offences related to the irregular hiring of foreigners. In order to achieve the main objectives of the manuscript presented, and given that its main characteristic is a legal object, a dual dogmatic-empirical legal methodology is proposed as a model. The dogmatic legal methodology consists of a doctrinal study and the use of written sources to understand the phenomenon of immigration in the EU from a theoretical-practical perspective. The empirical methodology is based on a field study with the aim of analysing the policies
and regulations on immigration in the different member states, where it is possible to observe the existing differences between the countries of the centre and the countries of the south, between all of these and the Nordic countries. The result obtained, after the application of this methodology, is a theoretical-practical study that delves into the need to create a common model of effective integration of the immigrant population in the EU, where freedom of movement and the principle of equality should
inspire all its legislation, so that this phenomenon can be seen from a different perspective, and so that both nationals and foreigners can benefit from the potential and the opportunity that the migratory phenomenon represents.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alfonso Ortega Gim\u00e9nez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Inmigration, Integration, European Union<\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O aumento do fluxo de estrangeiros nos mais diversos pa\u00edses e a percep\u00e7\u00e3o da import\u00e2ncia dos direitos pol\u00edticos enquanto direitos fundamentais levam \u00e0 reflex\u00e3o sobre a possibilidade de participa\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica a estrangeiros. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os limites do acesso do estrangeiro aos direitos pol\u00edticos na Am\u00e9rica Latina e na Europa. Aborda-se, por meio de uma an\u00e1lise documental, bibliogr\u00e1fica, qualitativa e descritiva, primeiramente, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos pol\u00edticos nos pa\u00edses Hisp\u00e2nicos da Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Exp\u00f5e-se, em seguida, o alcance dessas garantias ao n\u00e3o-nacional no Brasil. Mostra-se, ap\u00f3s, as particularidades\nno sistema Mexicano de concess\u00e3o desses direitos. Descreve-se ainda a possibilidade do gozo dessas liberdades na Am\u00e9rica Central. Estuda-se o sistema Europeu de concess\u00e3o de direitos pol\u00edticos aos estrangeiros desse continente. Finalmente, s\u00e3o discutidas as limita\u00e7\u00f5es das garantias de participa\u00e7\u00e3o nas decis\u00f5es dos n\u00e3o-nacionais de pa\u00edses terceiros. Com o estudo, que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 anal\u00edtico, descritivo e explorat\u00f3rio, verificou-se que todos os pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica do Sul concedem algum tipo de liberdade pol\u00edtica, diferentemente da Am\u00e9rica Central e do M\u00e9xico. Constatou-se, tamb\u00e9m, que, na Europa, \n penas os nacionais Europeus possuem efetiva atua\u00e7\u00e3o local, entretanto em diversos pa\u00edses, estrangeiros residentes de pa\u00edses terceiros possuem direitos pol\u00edticos a n\u00edvel municipal.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Raquel Ramos Machado, Lara Campos Arriaga<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Family reunification, European Union Law, Jurisprudence, Family Unit<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

This paper analyzes family reunification in the EU, taking into account the doctrine of the Court of Justice of the European Union through the analysis of a judgment whose object of litigation is family reunification. As well as the Family Unit, specifically regarding the rupture of this as a consequence of emigration.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nayiber Febles Pozo<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Surviving spouse, Surviving partner, Applicable law<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

This communication aims to analyse the problems of discoordination between applicable law to family and succession rights of surviving spouse or partner from the point of view of EU International Private Law. Firstly, we expose the Private International Law rules contained in current Regulations (EU) no. 650\/2012, 2016\/1103 and 2016\/1104. Afterwards, we examine the chances of getting a coordination by means of jurisdictional authorities and, mostly, by the parties using the choice of applicable law. The conclusion is that the current Regulations does not solve efficiently the problem of discoordination, and due to that we also
propose several remedies concerning the direct and indirect adaptation
to solve the problem.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Antonio Jes\u00fas Calzado Llamas<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Migra\u00e7\u00e3o, Refugiado, Cidadania<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Uma vis\u00e3o geral das dificuldades enfrentadas por crian\u00e7as refugiadas \u00e9 apresentada. O artigo prop\u00f5e de lege ferenda a concess\u00e3o\nda cidadania do pa\u00eds hospedeiro para crian\u00e7as nascidas refugiadas com base em tr\u00eas linhas de argumenta\u00e7\u00e3o: o significado da cidadania e a preven\u00e7\u00e3o da apatridia, o melhor interesse da crian\u00e7a e a preven\u00e7\u00e3o das crian\u00e7as em situa\u00e7\u00e3o de refugio prolongado. Nesse contexto, tr\u00eas iniciativas recentes para enfrentar os desafios dos refugiados s\u00e3o debatidas: a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de Nova York para Refugiados e Migrantes, o Pacto Global\ne a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional Modelo sobre Mobilidade. Finalmente,tr\u00eas medidas poss\u00edveis s\u00e3o sugeridas para implementar a cidadania para aqueles que nasceram como refugiados: Um protocolo opcional \u00e0 Conven\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a, um protocolo opcional \u00e0 Conven\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas Relativa ao Estatuto do Refugiado, ou ent\u00e3o que os Estados, ao adotarem a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional Modelo sobre Mobilidade,\nincluam expressamente o direito \u00e0 cidadania aos nascidos como refugiados. Os Estados latino-americanos podem liderar a reivindica\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 cidadania para aqueles que nascem como refugiados, uma vez que o ius solis \u00e9 adotado por quase todos os Estados da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Refugiados, Princ\u00edpio da n\u00e3o-devolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Direito Internacional dos Refugiados, Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos; Sistema Europeu de Direitos Humanos<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

This article aims to present how the international protection of refugees and asylum seekers occurs in the Inter-American and European Human Rights Systems, based on the similarities and differences in relation to the refugee concept and the scope of the principle of non-refoulement. Thus, an analysis is carried out through comparative methodology of the international jurisprudence of the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights, in particular on the return of refugees. Therefore, the article seeks to understand the analysis of both international systems on the
O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar de que forma ocorre a prote\u00e7\u00e3o internacional dos refugiados e solicitantes de ref\u00fagio nos Sistemas Interamericano e Europeu de Direitos Humanos, a partir das semelhan\u00e7as e diferen\u00e7as em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao conceito de refugiado e ao alcance do princ\u00edpio do non-refoulement. Assim, realiza-se uma an\u00e1lise atrav\u00e9s de metodologia comparativa da jurisprud\u00eancia internacional da Comiss\u00e3o e Corte Interamericanas de Direitos Humanos e da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, em particular sobre a devolu\u00e7\u00e3o de refugiados. Logo, o artigo busca compreender a an\u00e1lise de ambos os sistemas internacionais sobre a tem\u00e1tica em seus julgamentos de casos concretos sobre viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos de refugiados e solicitantes de ref\u00fagio, verificando os desafios para as garantias de direitos humanos de refugiados nos contextos europeu e americano. Neste sentido, o Sistema Europeu de Direitos Humanos possui uma jurisprud\u00eancia mais extensa e vasta em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a refugiados, por\u00e9m o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos apresenta par\u00e2metros sobre migrantes e refugiados com tend\u00eancias mais protetivas e avan\u00e7adas.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vit\u00f3ria Westin Barros<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Refugiados, Jovens migrantes, Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Trata-se de artigo cient\u00edfico com o objetivo de estudar os m\u00e9todos que v\u00eam sendo utilizados pela Uni\u00e3o Europeia para aferi\u00e7\u00e3o da idade de jovens migrantes desacompanhados e indocumentados. Para tanto, a pesquisa bibliogr\u00e1fica qualitativa e m\u00e9todo descritivo ser\u00e3o utilizados. Preliminarmente, investiga-se em que consistem as vantagens de ser considerado menor de idade, ou seja, o regime jur\u00eddico de especial prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 crian\u00e7a e ao adolescente, que lhes confere direitos e maior\nassist\u00eancia. Verifica-se que, na Uni\u00e3o Europeia, a maior vantagem em ser considerado menor de idade \u00e9 a exce\u00e7\u00e3o ao Sistema Dublin, permitindo, em tese, que a crian\u00e7a n\u00e3o se vincule a ter o processamento do seu pedido de asilo no primeiro pa\u00eds europeu em que entrou. Ap\u00f3s, analisa-se a Diretiva n\u00ba 32\/2013 da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, que permite a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o\nde m\u00e9todos m\u00e9dicos para aferi\u00e7\u00e3o de idade, mas n\u00e3o determina quais podem ser usados, deixando ampla margem aos pa\u00edses europeus,\nque n\u00e3o possuem padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o tema: por exemplo, o Conselho Constitucional da Fran\u00e7a permitiu testes \u00f3sseos para tal finalidade, enquanto h\u00e1 pa\u00edses utilizando apenas m\u00e9todos n\u00e3o m\u00e9dicos, como avalia\u00e7\u00f5es sociais. Sugere-se como poss\u00edvel solu\u00e7\u00e3o a an\u00e1lise hol\u00edstica ou multidisciplinar, no mesmo sentido das recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es expedidas pelo Conselho da Europa. Por fim, investiga-se se tais par\u00e2metros podem ser\nlevados para o Brasil, que enfrenta uma intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o das migra\u00e7\u00f5es advindas da Venezuela, compostas por grandes n\u00fameros de menores desacompanhados e sem documenta\u00e7\u00e3o. Conclui-se que, at\u00e9 o momento, o regime jur\u00eddico brasileiro tem sido mais ben\u00e9fico aos menores de idade, pois prev\u00ea a presun\u00e7\u00e3o de menoridade, ao contr\u00e1rio do que ocorre na Uni\u00e3o Europeia, que tornou pr\u00e1tica o uso de m\u00e9todos m\u00e9dicos de aferi\u00e7\u00e3o et\u00e1ria.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aline Mem\u00f3ria de Andrade<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Artigos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>PACTO ECOL\u00d3GICO EUROPEU; RELA\u00c7\u00d5ES INTERNACIONAIS; EFEITOS.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Este trabalho realiza um estudo do Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu por meio de uma pesquisa explorat\u00f3ria e documental da quest\u00e3o, das disposi\u00e7\u00f5es nos tratados constitutivos do bloco e dos documentos oficiais, levantando quais seus objetivos e desvelando as suas bases para indicar alguns poss\u00edveis efeitos do Pacto nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais. Inserido no contexto das lutas contra mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e tido como uma estrat\u00e9gia europeia para retomada verde da economia, aborda-se como essa pol\u00edtica pode influenciar a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de condutas semelhantes por outros atores internacionais. Analisa-se a presen\u00e7a da preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o\nambiental na estrutura legal da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e tamb\u00e9m a centralidade do desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel para o bloco. Partindo do avan\u00e7o das proposi\u00e7\u00f5es em torno do conceito de desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel do ponto de vista multilateral, passa-se a observar a implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas que almejam atingir tal desenvolvimento, muito por causa da emerg\u00eancia\nclim\u00e1tica. Sob esse ponto de vista, ao buscar analisar as poss\u00edveis repercuss\u00f5es e efeitos da medida da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, o Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu serve tamb\u00e9m como ferramenta de estudo da influ\u00eancia do bloco europeu sobre outras regi\u00f5es e Estados. O foco deste artigo \u00e9 compreender que tipo de influ\u00eancia a Uni\u00e3o Europeia pode exercer a partir do Pacto Ecol\u00f3gico Europeu, ao inv\u00e9s de adentrar nas quest\u00f5es de como essa influ\u00eancia ocorre. Por fim, aborda-se a situa\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil e do Acordo de Livre Com\u00e9rcio entre o Mercosul e a Uni\u00e3o Europeia diante da busca europeia pela neutralidade clim\u00e1tica. As conclus\u00f5es prospectivas deste trabalho s\u00e3o de um poss\u00edvel refor\u00e7o do papel normativo da Uni\u00e3o Europeia tanto por sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o de avan\u00e7os na tem\u00e1tica do desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel, quanto pelo papel deliberado de pautar suas rela\u00e7\u00f5es externas e pol\u00edticas internas por este princ\u00edpio. Acrescentam-se a isso pondera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a posi\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil e um apanhado das rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais via relacionamentos Mercosul-Uni\u00e3o Europeia e multilaterais.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Marcelo Terra Bento Martinelli<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>

Parlamento Europeu, elei\u00e7\u00f5es de segunda-ordem, partidos euroc\u00e9ticos de direita<\/span><\/p><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Elections to the European Parliament (EP) are considered by several authors as second-order elections. This is due to the low voter turnout, the better performance of opposition and\/or radical parties compared to first-order national elections, the dynamics of \u201copposition voting\u201d and \u201csincere voting\u201d, among other aspects. The growth of Eurosceptic parties in the 2014 elections, especially on the right side of the political spectrum, as well as the increase in the turnout in the 2019 elections, brought this discussion back to the fore, in which certain authors reaffirm the persistence of this second-order character, while others relativize it. Based on a literature review focused on the EP case, this paper aims, firstly, to present this debate, identifying different explanations for the rise of the Eurosceptic right in 2014 and for the increase in turnout in 2019, correlating this debate with readings on Euroscepticism and far right. Secondly, it was verified whether the logic of the opposition vote, one of the main assumptions of the theory, was present in the 2014 and 2019 elections regarding the right-wing Eurosceptic parties. It was found that, among the 56 cases analysed in the two elections, 26 fit the dynamics predicted by the opposition vote, while another nine cases also fit the dynamics predicted by other assumptions of the theory. It is noteworthy that some right-wing Eurosceptic parties, especially the more
As elei\u00e7\u00f5es para o Parlamento Europeu (PE) s\u00e3o consideradas por v\u00e1rios autores como elei\u00e7\u00f5es de segunda-ordem. Isso se deve ao baixo \u00edndice de comparecimento eleitoral, ao melhor desempenho dos partidos de oposi\u00e7\u00e3o e\/ou radicais em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s elei\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais de primeira ordem, \u00e0 din\u00e2mica do \u201cvoto de oposi\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d e do \u201cvoto sincero\u201d, entre outros aspectos. O crescimento dos partidos euroc\u00e9ticos nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2014, sobretudo do lado direito do espectro pol\u00edtico, bem como o aumento do comparecimento \u00e0s elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2019, trouxeram de volta esta discuss\u00e3o, em que alguns autores reafirmam a persist\u00eancia deste car\u00e1ter de segunda-ordem, enquanto outros o relativizam. Com base numa revis\u00e3o de literatura centrada no caso PE, este artigo visa, em primeiro lugar, apresentar este debate, identificando diferentes explica\u00e7\u00f5es\npara o surgimento da direita euroc\u00e9tica em 2014 e para o aumento do comparecimento em 2019, correlacionando este debate com leituras sobre euroceticismo e extrema-direita. Em segundo lugar, verificou-se se a l\u00f3gica do voto da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, um dos principais pressupostos da teoria, esteve presente nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2014 e 2019 quanto aos partidos euroc\u00e9ticos de direita. Verificou-se que, dos 56 casos analisados nas duas elei\u00e7\u00f5es, 26 se enquadram na din\u00e2mica prevista pelo voto da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto outros nove casos tamb\u00e9m se enquadram na din\u00e2mica prevista por outros pressupostos da teoria. Nota-se que alguns partidos euroc\u00e9ticos de direita, especialmente os mais radicais, tendem a ser partidos pequenos e\/ou de oposi\u00e7\u00e3o, que costumam ter melhor desempenho em elei\u00e7\u00f5es de segunda-ordem.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Victor Matheus de Santana Santos<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Latin American Journal of European Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Latin American Journal of European Studies PUBLISHED: 2021-08-04 The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, created from the BRIDGE Project of Jean Monnet Network with funding from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3156"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6125,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3156\/revisions\/6125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}