{"id":3064,"date":"2024-02-23T08:58:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T11:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/?page_id=3064"},"modified":"2024-06-12T17:50:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T20:50:06","slug":"vol2-no1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/vol2-no1\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol. 2 No. 1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Revista Latino-americana de Estudos Europeus<\/a><\/h3>
Publicado:\u00a0<\/span>2022-01-17<\/span><\/div>

O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a terceira edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre Democracia e prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos Humanos na Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Am\u00e9rica Latina, organizado por Manuel Becerra da Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (M\u00e9xico) . A terceira edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de maio de 2022.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Edi\u00e7\u00e3o completa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Editorial<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Resumo<\/h4>

O Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) \u00e9 uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro Latino-Americano de Estudos Europeus, criada a partir do projeto BRIDGE do Jean Monnet Network com financiamento do Programa Erasmus + da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. Com foco nas linhas editoriais sobre Direito e Pol\u00edticas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais da Uni\u00e3o Europeia com pa\u00edses terceiros e Am\u00e9rica Latina, a terceira edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista conta tamb\u00e9m com um dossi\u00ea tem\u00e1tico sobre Democracia e prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos Humanos na Uni\u00e3o Europeia e Am\u00e9rica Latina, organizado por Manuel Becerra da Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (M\u00e9xico) . A terceira edi\u00e7\u00e3o da Revista est\u00e1 aberta para submiss\u00f5es at\u00e9 01 de maio de 2022.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aline Beltrame de Moura, Naiara Posenato, Manuel Becerra Ram\u00edrez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dossier<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Re-election; Human Rights; Comparative Constitutional law.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The rights of participation in the political management of a State, and particularly in the positions of heads of State, have historically contributed to the development of regional constitutional norms to limit or make more flexible the possibility of reelection. In this context, recent events of some Presidents, justifying that they had a human right to be\u00a0reelected indefinitely by the people, motivated these reflections from a conventional perspective in the Inter-American human rights system with a comparative perspective in the constitutions of the region. The aim of this paper is to analyze the normative and jurisprudential changes produced in the last decades in relation to the presidential re-election in the countries of the continent and its adaptation to the standards of human rights, on the one hand, and of the democratic regime, on the other. The paper concludes from the evolution of the rulings and advisory opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights that there is currently no consolidated human right of the individual to remain indefinitely in political position.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cristian Altavilla, Victorino Sol\u00e1, Christian G. Sommer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFAMILY REUNIFICATION: Domestic and regional human rights courts perspective<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Reuni\u00e3o familiar; Migra\u00e7\u00e3o; Tribunais.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Cortes dom\u00e9sticas e regionais tem um relevante papel n\u00e3o somente ao aplicar o Direito internacional mas tamb\u00e9m ao desenvolv\u00ea-lo. Este artigo objetiva analisar criticamente como tais cortes decidem casos relacionados ao direito \u00e0 reuni\u00e3o familiar no contexto das migra\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais. Este direito adv\u00e9m e protege o direito humano \u00e0 fam\u00edlia, uma institui\u00e7\u00e3o essencial \u00e0 uma democracia. Primeiro, traz uma vis\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 reuni\u00e3o familiar. Em seguinda, discute casos da Corte\nInteramericana de Direitos Humanos e do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos, uma vez que a Corte Africana de Direitos Humanos n\u00e3o tem casos nessa tem\u00e1tica. Al\u00e9m disso, apresenta casos de reuni\u00e3o familiar contidos na base de dados da Oxford International Law in Domestic Courts. Finalmente, conclui que os tribunais regionais de direitos humanos t\u00eam desempenhado um papel fundamental no fortalecimento e espedifica\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 reuni\u00e3o familiar. Os tribunais nacionais, por sua vez, d\u00e3o diferentes contornos a esse instituto e suas decis\u00f5es que gravitam entre o princ\u00edpio do melhor interesse da crian\u00e7a e da fam\u00edlia como base da sociedade at\u00e9 o extremo da supremacia da seguran\u00e7a das na\u00e7\u00f5es. No entanto, todas as decis\u00f5es apresentadas reconhecem a prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 reuni\u00e3o familiar, ainda que apenas por motivos excepcionais ou humanit\u00e1rios.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa, Ana Luiza Zago de Moraes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Private law; human rights; marriage of convenience.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The right to marry is a right inherent to personal autonomy, which is presented as a fundamental manifestation of the autonomy that every human being should enjoy. The private autonomy of the interests pursued by the contracting parties is manifested in the choice of the type of marriage they wish to celebrate, whether civil or religious and whether in Spain or abroad. This limit to private and family life falls within the scope of Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Rights and Article
32 of the Spanish Constitution. Thus, according to what is regulated, all those who are not forbidden by law to marry and who freely assume it can contract marriage according to the norms of human rights and, therefore, the authenticity of these marriages is not in doubt, as is the case with \u201cmarriages of convenience\u201d which pursue certain secondary, accessory or indirect effects of marriage, disregarding the central or essential effect of marriage, which is none other than marital cohabitation.
These \u201cmarriages of convenience\u201d make it possible to avoid the rules that regulate the deadlines and general procedures, in order to benefit one of the parties, and are a clear form of fraud against the rules on Aliens and Nationality.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alfonso Ortega Gim\u00e9nez<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>33 anos da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o; For\u00e7a normativa; Direito fundamental ao trabalho.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

The present study outlines the main foundations for the postulation of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution and the Brazilian Labor
Constitution, the fundamentality of social rights of\/to work, and the limits to the reforms proposed by the derived constitutional power and the ordinary legislator. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution represented a milestone for the protection of Labor Law. It is the duty of the society – 33 years after its paradigmatic shift – to defend it in a structural and comprehensive manner, including its principles, pacts, and international treaties. The need to be subjected to the filter of constitutionality and conventionality
O presente estudo busca tra\u00e7ar os principais fundamentos para a postula\u00e7\u00e3o da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1988 como tamb\u00e9m a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o do Trabalho do Brasil, a fundamentalidade dos direitos sociais do\/ao trabalho e os limites \u00e0s reformas propostas tanto pelo constituinte derivado como pelo legislador ordin\u00e1rio. A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1988 representou um marco para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do Direito Laboral e \u00e9 dever de toda a sociedade, aos 33 anos de sua altera\u00e7\u00e3o paradigm\u00e1tica, defend\u00ea-la de forma estrutural e ampliativa, a compor os princ\u00edpios, os pactos e os tratados internacionais. Aprofunda-se a necessidade da passagem pelo filtro\nda constitucionalidade e convencionalidade de forma pr\u00e9via, e diante da realidade, a necessidade da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o dessa salvaguarda de forma posteriori, inclusive abarcando o instituto da proibi\u00e7\u00e3o do retrocesso e da progressividade dos direitos fundamentais. Por fim, analisa-se como as reformas legislativas em car\u00e1ter constitucional e infraconstitucional devem ser pensadas e repensadas dentro de um ordenamento jur\u00eddico com uma Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o formalmente forte, estruturada e protetiva.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Marco Ant\u00f4nio C\u00e9sar Villatore Lincoln Zub Dutra Miriam Olivia Knopik Ferraz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>33 anos da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o; For\u00e7a normativa; Direito fundamental ao trabalho.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O presente estudo busca tra\u00e7ar os principais fundamentos para a postula\u00e7\u00e3o da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1988 como tamb\u00e9m a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o do Trabalho do Brasil, a fundamentalidade dos direitos sociais do\/ao trabalho e os limites \u00e0s reformas propostas tanto pelo constituinte derivado como pelo legislador ordin\u00e1rio. A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1988 representou um marco para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do Direito Laboral e \u00e9 dever de toda a sociedade, aos 33 anos de sua altera\u00e7\u00e3o paradigm\u00e1tica, defend\u00ea-la de forma estrutural e ampliativa, a compor os princ\u00edpios, os pactos e os tratados internacionais. Aprofunda-se a necessidade da passagem pelo filtro\nda constitucionalidade e convencionalidade de forma pr\u00e9via, e diante da realidade, a necessidade da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o dessa salvaguarda de forma posteriori, inclusive abarcando o instituto da proibi\u00e7\u00e3o do retrocesso e da progressividade dos direitos fundamentais. Por fim, analisa-se como as reformas legislativas em car\u00e1ter constitucional e infraconstitucional devem ser pensadas e repensadas dentro de um ordenamento jur\u00eddico com uma Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o formalmente forte, estruturada e protetiva.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cec\u00edlia Weiler , Patricia Grazziotin Noschang<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDESAFIOS CONTEMPOR NEOS DE PROTE\u00c7\u00c3O AO DIREITO DOS REFUGIADOS: Direitos humanos violados com base na ra\u00e7a e na origem?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Solidariedade Internacional dos Refugiados; Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o de Refugiados; Prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos humanos.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A busca de locais seguros por pessoas com temor quanto a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da vida tem ocorrido intensivamente nos \u00faltimos anos. No entanto, a busca por ref\u00fagio guarda adversidades para al\u00e9m das rotas de fuga, uma vez que cabe ao Estado em que o indiv\u00edduo buscar ref\u00fagio a concess\u00e3o ou n\u00e3o deste status. Ademais, ainda h\u00e1 de se lidar com percal\u00e7os nesse ciclo pelo ref\u00fagio que permeiam ainda as quest\u00f5es de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o. Diante disso, este artigo busca examinar os elementos previstos nas propostas de reforma do sistema de concess\u00e3o de ref\u00fagio da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, e trazer an\u00e1lises que possam servir de comparativo para o territ\u00f3rio latinoamericano. Isto buscando estabelecer uma an\u00e1lise entre o princ\u00edpio da solidariedade internacional dos refugiados, e como os pontos elencados efetivam este direito, al\u00e9m de apurar se e como, em termos de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o, a busca por ref\u00fagio hoje \u00e9 pautada tamb\u00e9m por segrega\u00e7\u00e3o. O objetivo desta pesquisa ser\u00e1 analisar a efetividade do direito dos refugiados, visando trazer uma reflex\u00e3o que possa transcender qualquer termo pr\u00e1tico que imputa em casos de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o aos refugiados. Quanto ao m\u00e9todo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o ora adotado, a pesquisa \u00e9 desenvolvida mediante an\u00e1lise bibliogr\u00e1fica e documental. Por fim, colige-se que h\u00e1 uma discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o quanto aos direitos humanos\ne, portanto, ao direito ao ref\u00fagio, expressando observ\u00e2ncia na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de indiv\u00edduos em situa\u00e7\u00e3o de fuga, independentemente de suas origens.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Amon Elp\u00eddio da Silva<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Viol\u00eancia; Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de dados; Direitos fundamentais.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

O artigo objetiva discutir a possibilidade de decis\u00f5es automatizadas consistirem em atos de viol\u00eancia, bem como as poss\u00edveis respostas do Direito frente a esta problem\u00e1tica. Para tanto, elege-se o m\u00e9todo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o hipot\u00e9tico dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliogr\u00e1fica. A viol\u00eancia, conforme delineado por Byung-Chul Han, \u00e9 algo que n\u00e3o desaparece com o decurso do tempo, mas ao contr\u00e1rio, reinventa-se e se transforma. No contexto de uma sociedade hiperconectada, a tomada de decis\u00f5es por meio de algoritmos ou Intelig\u00eancia Artificial \u00e9 uma realidade cada vez mais frequente, nas mais variadas \u00e1reas, como sa\u00fade, seguran\u00e7a, educa\u00e7\u00e3o e finan\u00e7as. O algoritmo, sozinho, n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de promover um ato de viol\u00eancia, no entanto, pode instrumentaliz\u00e1-lo, visto que \u00e9 capaz de orientar decis\u00f5es cr\u00edticas no setor b\u00e9lico, por exemplo, assim como potencializar e integrar modelos que sujeitam indiv\u00edduos a standards e scores impostos, que por vezes consistem em pr\u00e1ticas discriminat\u00f3rias\ninjustas. Considerando que o tratamento de dados pessoais faz parte do processo de tomada de decis\u00e3o, torna-se aplic\u00e1vel\nlegisla\u00e7\u00f5es voltadas a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de dados, como a GDPR europeia e a LGPD brasileira, as quais, al\u00e9m de fixar princ\u00edpios, obriga\u00e7\u00f5es e direitos, asseguram ao indiv\u00edduo o direito de n\u00e3o submiss\u00e3o e de revis\u00e3o da decis\u00e3o automatizada.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gabriel Cemin Petry , Haide Maria Hupffer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Freedom of expression; journalists; EU reactions.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

In Mexico and in other parts of the world, human rights violations are a constant. In this sense, the right to freedom of expression in the country is a particularly serious aspect that is reflected in the constant murders of journalists. The Global Agreement European Union (EU) – Mexico, which governs relations between both actors, contains a human rights and democratic clause that aims to encourage the parties to respect both universal values. This article aims to examine the EU\u2019s response to certain human rights violations in Mexico, particularly freedom of expression during the period 2012-2018. For this reason, the present article is of a deductive order and mainly of an investigative-documentary profile, also drawing on extracts from the conduct of two interviews with key actors to obtain relevant information. This also shows specific data on the situation of the murders of journalists in Mexico through the use of graphs that visually reflect the above. The first section discusses
the relationship between foreign policy and human rights in Mexico and the EU, and then examines the situation of freedom of expression in Mexico, ending the EU\u2019s reactions to the killing of journalists in Mexico. It is conclusive that a stronger EU is needed in the face of the situation of the violation of freedom of expression mentioned, an EU that manages to have a positive impact on the country.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ana Adela Cruz Cervantes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Direitos Humanos; Am\u00e9rica Latina; Com\u00e9rcio Justo.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A instrumentaliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos Humanos pelo com\u00e9rcio representa o cerne dessa pesquisa. Sob tal argumento, o Fair Trade exsurge na qualidade de movimento social que traz o ser humano no centro das discuss\u00f5es, assegurando que as trocas sejam sustent\u00e1veis do ponto de vista social, econ\u00f4mico e ambiental. Aspectos como respeito \u00e0s quest\u00f5es de g\u00eanero, proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho escravo e infantil, liberdade de associa\u00e7\u00e3o, entre outros, viabilizam-se por interm\u00e9dio da novel proposta mercantil. Especial destaque foi concedido \u00e0s experi\u00eancias latino-americanas \u2013 por interm\u00e9dio da CLAC (Coordinadora Latinoamericana\ny del Caribe de Peque\u00f1os Productores y Trabajadores de Comercio Justo) \u2013 e brasileira. Os objetivos espec\u00edficos da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o foram: caracterizar o Com\u00e9rcio Justo enquanto express\u00e3o mercantil na busca dos Direitos Humanos; descrever a concep\u00e7\u00e3o transnacional do Com\u00e9rcio Justo como vetor para os Direitos Humanos; e, avaliar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o das normas relativas ao Com\u00e9rcio Justo, no \u00e2mbito latino americano e brasileiro. O m\u00e9todo utilizado foi o cr\u00edtico indutivo, avaliando-se os dados\ne as informa\u00e7\u00f5es sob forma qualitativa. Os meios de pesquisa foram bibliogr\u00e1ficos. Quanto aos fins, a pesquisa apresenta-se de cunho descritivo e os resultados foram expostos exclusivamente em forma de textos.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Joana Stelzer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Direitos Humanos; Governan\u00e7a; Agrot\u00f3xicos.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

A realidade sobre a governan\u00e7a dos agrot\u00f3xicos evidencia uma fr\u00e1gil estrutura regulat\u00f3ria internacional associada a leis nacionais discriminat\u00f3rias e uma baixa efic\u00e1cia dos instrumentos normativos vinculantes em proteger as pessoas dos efeitos nocivos ligados ao uso dessas subst\u00e2ncias na agricultura moderna. No com\u00e9rcio global dos agrot\u00f3xicos notam-se assimetrias econ\u00f4micas e diferentes graus de amea\u00e7as e viola\u00e7\u00f5es a direitos humanos entre pa\u00edses exportadores e importadores de agrot\u00f3xicos. Tendo em vista esse cen\u00e1rio, o objetivo do presente artigo \u00e9 discutir as assimetrias e os diferentes graus de amea\u00e7as a direitos humanos na rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o Brasil e a Uni\u00e3o Europeia, a fim de sugerir possibilidades de aperfei\u00e7oamento da atual estrutura. A metodologia de pesquisa se baseou no m\u00e9todo qualitativo, utilizando a t\u00e9cnica da revis\u00e3o de literatura e da an\u00e1lise documental. As descobertas da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o revelaram o fen\u00f4meno do c\u00edrculo de envenenamento, onde os direitos humanos n\u00e3o somente da popula\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil, como tamb\u00e9m dos demais pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina e da Uni\u00e3o Europeia est\u00e3o sendo violados ou amea\u00e7ados, como o direito \u00e0 sa\u00fade e \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a alimentar. A atual estrutura de regula\u00e7\u00e3o e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o dos agrot\u00f3xicos tamb\u00e9m provoca amea\u00e7as ao equil\u00edbrio ecol\u00f3gico do planeta, atrav\u00e9s da sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a perda de biodiversidade, o desmatamento e o aquecimento global. Tal realidade demonstra que \u00e9 urgente o aprimoramento\nda atual estrutura de regula\u00e7\u00e3o. Foram feitas recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es poss\u00edveis ao aprimoramento da estrutura de governan\u00e7a internacional, regional e nacional. As considera\u00e7\u00f5es finais s\u00e3o no sentido de que a rela\u00e7\u00e3o comercial entre Brasil e Uni\u00e3o Europeia precisa ser fortalecida levando em considera\u00e7\u00e3o as assimetrias e que a governan\u00e7a precisa ser fortalecida e aprimorada para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos humanos da popula\u00e7\u00e3o e das futuras gera\u00e7\u00f5es, bem como a prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao equil\u00edbrio ecol\u00f3gico do planeta.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tarin Cristino Frota Mont\u2019Alverne, Beatriz Nunes Di\u00f3genes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLA SUSPENSI\u00d3N DE DERECHOS EN SITUACIONES DE EMERGENCIAS SANITARIAS: Estudio desde el sistema americano y europeo de derechos humanos<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h4>Derogation; ECHR; ACHR.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h4>

Article 27 of the ACHR and 15 of the ECHR establish substantive and formal requirements so that, without affecting the hard core of Human Rights, States can suspend the full enjoyment and exercise of a right protected by the respective instruments. Regarding the current international health emergency caused by COVID-19, dozens of European and American states have suspended certain rights in order to adopt measures that allow them to essentially preserve the Right to health. This paper, combining the legal and exegetical method, examines the exceptional situation, whereby a State adopted certain measures that may imply the temporary derogation of Human Rights (for example, sanitary nature measures); what limits and procedural conditions are required in ECHR and ACHR. And, on the current COVID-19 pandemic, it will analyze what measures, based on derogation, seem necessary to adopt in situations of health emergencies.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ana Cristina Gallego Hern\u00e1ndez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Palavras-chave:\u00a0<\/h2>International public order; International rule of law; Evolution of international law.<\/span><\/section>

Resumo<\/h2>

This work refers to the evolution of international law, fundamentally since the adoption of the San Francisco Charter. The work proposes two fundamental concepts: first, the creation of the rule of international law and the second concept is the existence of an international public order. The International Public Order (IPO) is a minimum legal standard, which has multiple components, and which cannot be exceeded by the subjects of international law, under penalty of their acts being vitiated by
absolute nullity or being a cause of international responsibility. In other words, it is a limit to the action of the subjects of international relations since their activity cannot exceed them because it would violate the Rule of International Law (RIL). This international public order is composed of human rights norms, the principles of international law, norms of international
humanitarian law and environmental norms. In addition, these rules and principles that make up the international public order have specific characteristics that give them originality compared to other rules.<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Manuel Becerra Ram\u00edrez<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Entrevista<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTHE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE EXPOSES DEEP WOUNDS OF THE EU\u2019S DEPENDENCY ON RUSSIAN GAS: Interview with Ielyzaveta Badanova - Team Lead for Energy Market Development at Naftogaz of Ukraine<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Resumo<\/h4>

interview with Ielyzaveta Badanova Ielyzaveta Badanova – Team Lead for Energy Market Development at Naftogaz of Ukraine.<\/p><\/section><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Alexandre Zaporoszenko Cavazzani<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Latin American Journal of European Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Latin American Journal of European Studies PUBLISHED:\u00a02022-01-17 The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, created from the BRIDGE Project of Jean Monnet Network with funding from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3064","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3064"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6107,"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3064\/revisions\/6107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eurolatinstudies.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}